![]() A least square solution process is applied, employing all the measured deflections as parameters characterizing the bowl.Ī rigid base beneath the subgrade is assumed (‘bedrock’). The back analysis algorithm solves for both a two layer elastic system and the thickness of subgrade, or a three layer elastic system and the thickness of subgrade. ![]() Recently, a Deflection Analysis of Pavement Structures (DAPS) software has been developed, which enables the rapid calculation of layer stiffness moduli using a singular decomposition technique. With the speed of computers increasing more mathematically intensive procedures can be used for developing solutions of large data sets. As deflection data is increasingly used to accurately define pavement response to loading the need to develop robust back-calculation procedures has become greater.
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